Based on Chippewa (Ojibway) culture and traditions as represented by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and John Tanner, on John G. E. Heckewelders defense of Delaware culture, and on Longfellows acquaintance with an Ojibway chief who stayed at his house, the poem also drew on widespread literary and visual representations of the West to construct what Longfellow called his Indian Edda. Edda reflects the Scandinavian influences also evident in this poem, most remarkably in the unrhymed trochaic meter he borrowed from the Kalevala, a Finnish folk epic composed by Elias Lnrott. Later, he distilled memories of European wanderings (along with material from his college lectures) into Outre-Mer; A Pilgrimage beyond the Sea (1833-4) and the anticipatory Schoolmaster pieces he published between 1831 and 1833 in the New-England Magazine, but not before directing his talents to more practical kinds of writing. The framework Longfellow provided, however, allowed his six storytellers (the Landlord, the Student, the Spanish Jew, the Italian, the Musician, and the Theologian) to criticize each others presentations and draw out lessons of tolerance, forgiveness, and faith. While coping with private tragedy at home, he suffered the additional trauma of the Civil War. At the end of the poem, Hiawatha journeys westward alone after enjoining his people to welcome European missionaries with their new culture and Christian faith. concludes, interrogates conventional concepts of language, time, space, unified character . "[115], The rapidity with which American readers embraced Longfellow was unparalleled in publishing history in the United States;[116] by 1874, he was earning $3,000 per poem. Terms in this set (45) What where the years Longfellow was alive? [9] His grandfather was a founder of the college[12] and his father was a trustee. Created by. Longfellow gave poetry higher standing within American society than it had enjoyed ever before, not only by exemplifying the appeal of graceful, informed writing to an exceptionally wide reading audience but also by making art itself one of his themes. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote sixteen volumes of poetry, including some long poems. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. [4] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. Aside from a leg injury that nearly resulted in amputation when he was eight, Henry apparently enjoyed his school friendships and outdoor recreation both in Portland and at his Grandfather Wadsworths new home in Hiram, Maine. Can you blame him? Discover his most famous works and their themes and style. Longfellow, sporting long hair, yellow gloves, and flowered waistcoats, cut quite a romantic . But, like anyone else who had gone to school in the first quarter of the 20th century, she'd been introduced to verse by the venerable Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82). The poem exalts and exocitizes Native Americans and assumes the obliteration of indigenous ways of life. It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. Sweetness, gentleness, simplicity, and a romantic vision shaded by melancholy are the characteristic features of Longfellows poetry. [141] As James Russell Lowell said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty". Her husband, who sustained severe burns to his hands, arms, and face in smothering the fire, was left with severe facial sensitivities that precluded shaving thereafter and forced him to grow the patriarchal white beard so familiar from later portraits; he was also left with heavy responsibilities for his family and with intense grief. [36] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle". . He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed there in 1884. At least as wearing as his original authorship in late years was a massive editorial and translation project he undertook for his publisher, James T. Fields; Poems of Places emerged in 31 volumes between 1876 and 1879. His reputation could also benefit from renewed critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets extended to male authors. Go forth to meet the shadowy Future, without fear, and with a manly heart. In 1854 he resigned his Harvard professorshippartly because of his eyesight, partly for relief from academic pressures and contention with the university corporation on behalf of his department, but probably most of all because he found he could support his household on the strength of his poetry and desired more opportunity for writing. In this essay, the author. "[104] A London critic in the London Quarterly Review, however, condemned all American poetry"with two or three exceptions, there is not a poet of mark in the whole union"but he singled out Longfellow as one of those exceptions. [79] The "Dante Club", as it was called, regularly included William Dean Howells, James Russell Lowell, and Charles Eliot Norton, as well as other occasional guests. Two notable exceptions are dedicated to the death of members of his family. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on this day in 1807, in Portland, Maine. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882) was America's most beloved nineteenth-century poet, . . Born on February 27, 1807, in Portland (while Maine was still a part of Massachusetts), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow grew up in the thriving coastal city he remembered in My Lost Youth (1856) for its wharves and woodlands, the ships and sailors from distant lands who sparked his boyish imagination, and the historical associations of its old fort and an 1813 offshore naval battle between American and British brigs. Other than being a poet of great repute; Longfellow was also an educationist, who was a professor at his alma mater Bowdoin College and latter at the Harvard College. Page II Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. The book holdings of the Peucinian Society, its formal debates, and its informal Conversations about contemporary writing and American authors encouraged Henry to direct his ambition toward literature despite his practical fathers preference for a career in law or one of the other established professions. The germ of the story reached Longfellow through the Reverend Horace L. Conolly, who had failed to interest his friend Hawthorne in developing the legend of Acadian lovers separated on their intended wedding day by an English edict displacing French Canadian settlers in order to establish Nova Scotia. [57], The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. See answer (1) Copy. She died shortly after 10 the next morning, July 10, after requesting a cup of coffee. [121], Contemporaneous writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote to Longfellow in May 1841 of his "fervent admiration which [your] genius has inspired in me" and later called him "unquestionably the best poet in America". Test. [136] Many of his works helped shape the American character and its legacy, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride". 07 Nov 1786 in Pittsfield, MA, d. 10 Feb 1822. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" exemplify this form. Despite the frustrations Longfellow experienced in his new vocation, there was personal happiness. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. Longfellows imitativeness differed significantly from that of many contemporaries, however, in that he early outgrew his tendency to echo Bryants style or that of English Romantic poets and turned instead to German Romanticism, which he virtually introduced into American poetry, and to traditions of European verse from many countries and eras. Although Churchills failure results most of all from his own limitationshis inattentiveness to sources of inspiration nearest at hand and his lack of driving literary commitmentit also reflects the indifference of Americans to artistic aspirations not in tune with the chauvinistic bombast of the comical magazine editor of the book, who calls for a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. Still committed to the native writers of the United States, he wrote a July 1837 review in praise of Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1837) even as he turned his own ambitions back toward the writing of poetry. [83] In 1874, Samuel Ward helped him sell the poem "The Hanging of the Crane" to the New York Ledger for $3,000; it was the highest price ever paid for a poem. It is not pride, but the madness of passion". In 1836, Longfellow moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to teach foreign languages at Harvard College. [126], Margaret Fuller judged Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force. [142] In reality, his life was much more difficult than was assumed. Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. His mother, Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow, was the daughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who had served in the American Revolution. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. It is thine. For this work Longfellow drew on European sources, chiefly Hartmann von Aues Der Arme Heinrich (circa 1191). This collection was Longfellows version of Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales or Giovanni Boccaccios Decameron. Analyze Longfellow's poetry and understand his . According to Charvat, by shrewd, aggressive, and intelligent management of the business of writing, he raised the commercial value of verse and thereby helped other American poets to get out of the garret. Richard Henry Stoddard summed up Longfellows contribution in an 1881 essay, pointing out how Longfellow remained true to himself and to his scholarly impulses by creating and satisfying a taste for a literature which did not exist in this country until he began to write. In so doing, Longfellow had not only disseminated European stories, sensibilities, and versification but also enlarged our sympathies until they embrace other peoples than ours. Two decades later, Thomas Wentworth Higginson saluted his former professors contribution to American literature in enriching and refining it and giving it a cosmopolitan culture, and an unquestioned standing in the literary courts of the civilized world. In "Nature", for example, death is depicted as bedtime for a cranky child. was born at Portland, Maine, Feb. 27, 1807, and graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825. Yet, Longfellow achieved perhaps his greatest popular success with Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, a verse romance the geographic sweep of which across French and English America in the 18th century makes it a virtual epic, although in the sentimental mode and featuring a heroine notable for her humble, loving endurance rather than military prowess. 1. [62] His love for Fanny is evident in the following lines from his only love poem, the sonnet "The Evening Star"[63] which he wrote in October 1845: "O my beloved, my sweet Hesperus! Fate, however, intervened to protect him from the bar. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Music is the universal language of mankind." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow tags: music, poetry, power-of-music. [72] Her dress suddenly caught fire, but it is unclear exactly how;[73] burning wax or a lighted candle may have fallen onto it. [137] In the 20th century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings. There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. Like . [128] He added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never traveled new paths: of course never broke new paths. 4.33 avg rating 57 ratings. Full Name: Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882. 35 posts Previous; 1; 2; 3; libraryanne Posts: 7686 Joined: August 25th, 2008, 10:49 pm Location: New England. Flashcards. The New-Yorker called him "one of the very few in our time who has successfully aimed in putting poetry to its best and sweetest uses". Farnham, Russell Clare and Dorthy Evelyn Crawford. There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. The next year Aftermath was published, with its moving title poem and the final collection of Tales of a Wayside Inn. The Masque of Pandora and Other Poems (1875) included Morituri Salutamus (We who Are about to Die Salute You, 1874), one of his few occasional poems. In the book, Myles fancied Priscilla but was too shy to tell her . [16] In his senior year, Longfellow wrote to his father about his aspirations: I will not disguise it in the leastthe fact is, I most eagerly aspire after future eminence in literature, my whole soul burns most ardently after it, and every earthly thought centres in itI am almost confident in believing, that if I can ever rise in the world it must be by the exercise of my talents in the wide field of literature. Despite some criticism of the Virgilian dactylic hexameter meter with which Longfellow experimented in Evangeline, the poem proved enormously successful. [32], He published the travel book Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea in serial form before a book edition was released in 1835. Scientists at Harvard have just published the most comprehensive scientific study to date on music as a cultural product, which supports the American poet's pronouncement and examines what features of song tend to be shared across . I also believe I am substantially better at speaking than writing I am Excellent in relationship development and maintenance Streamlining the sales marketing process for companies and . It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. I do not believe that I was born for such a lot. He was so fluent in translating that on graduation he was offered a professorship in modern languages provided that he would first study in Europe. Written in anapestic tetrameter meant to suggest the galloping of a horse, this folk ballad recalls a hero of the American Revolution and his famous midnight ride to warn the Americans about the impending British raid on Concord, Massachusetts. [107] In honor of his role with translations, Harvard established the Longfellow Institute in 1994, dedicated to literature written in the United States in languages other than English. [91], Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented with many forms, including hexameter and free verse. Pegasus in Pound (1846), by contrast, offers a humorous rebuke to the pragmatic, materialistic Yankee culture that confined arts winged steed and handled him as a piece of property. Even as our cloudy fancies take Suddenly shape in some divine expression, Even as the troubled heart doth . [120] John Greenleaf Whittier suggested that it was this massive correspondence which led to Longfellow's death: "My friend Longfellow was driven to death by these incessant demands". was also enrolled. C.S. Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. Snow-Flakes. In a word, we want a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. Returning to Maine in summer 1829, Longfellow as a young professor soon found himself immersed in the unpoetic routines of pedagogy. [117] His popularity spread throughout Europe, as well, and his poetry was translated during his lifetime into Italian, French, German, and other languages. How different is today's global economy from British poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's vision of productionnoble, lo- cal . Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? [86] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind". . [77] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[144]. He considered moving to New York after New York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship of modern languages, but there would be no salary. Hiawatha is an Ojibwa Indian who, after various mythic feats, becomes his peoples leader and marries Minnehaha before departing for the Isles of the Blessed. [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". 1385 likes. [85] Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak at his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion to public speaking; he read the poem "Morituri Salutamus" so quietly that few could hear him. As was the custom for the time, the two brothers focused most of their studies on languages and literature. The volume In the Harbor, Ultima ThulePart 2 came out just after his death in 1882 and included his final composition, The Bells of San Blas (1882). Such a lot title poem and the final collection of Tales of a Inn... He began courting Appleton 's daughter Frances `` Fanny '' Appleton however, to. 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