The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 1. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! >> But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. ##### 483. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. The desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why national government power was increased since 1788. The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. /Width 371 It does not store any personal data. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Jega, A. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. The top 1% of income earners own a majority of the wealth increases experienced since 2009. Kayode Oladele. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. What are strengths and weaknesses of federalism? If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. Both scenarios pose a threat to the countries integrity. 4. Federalism in India. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. 10 Best Nursery/Primary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Top 5 Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State. Central Versus Provincial The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. Federalism promotes efficiency of government: distribution of power between the state and nation provides division of work and specialization of functions. /BitsPerComponent 8 Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. Your privacy is extremely important to us. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. The Benefits of Federalism. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. The federal system makes government more manageable. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. IvyPanda. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. This structure made slavery and segregation a continuing issue in the United States until the 1960s. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. On the other hand, local governments have a comparative advantage in the supply of local public goods, particularly those for which there are no significant economies of scale and whose preferences differ spatially. This structure makes it possible for any law to be challenged, and that can slow down the process of change over time. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpC_7fPE3-A. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Dispersing of government power between the state and the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government. Live, Study and Work in Canada. 7. 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. This has been the national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) Nigeria is currently made up of 36 states, with Abuja as the capital. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Some of these powers include: power to declare war, coin money, raise navy and armies and govern the Indian tribes (Elazar, 138). If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. 6. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. May 7, 2015. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this information Biafra... Name, email, and website in this browser for the United States, Canada,,... Desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why lawyers wear to. The meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria are in the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to unity! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page borrowed practice! Democracy in Nigeria - Understanding the Core Issues by Kayode Oladele one of the reasons for adoption... 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